Pyrometallurgy of copper pdf

Hydrometallurgy is a technique within the field of extractive metallurgy, the obtaining of metals from their ores. Pyrometallurgy, extraction and purification of metals by processes involving the application of heat. About 80 % of primary copper production comes from lowgrade or poor sulfide ores. Page 445 the spaces between the joists are covered with boards resting on the cleats and pushed closely together, but not nailed, so that the whole or part of the cover can be easily removed. This process would only be economical if silver andor gold are preconcentrated first, as it is the case in anode slimes from copper electrolytic refining. There are two ways of smelting copper, one is pyrometallurgy, the other hydrometallurgical.

Leached residue makes up the highgrade pgmcu concentrate containing 3065% pges. The copperii ions are removed again from the organic solvent by reaction with fresh sulfuric acid, producing a much more concentrated copperii sulfate solution than before. Pyrometallurgy pyrometallurgy is the branch of extractive metallurgy. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This treatment may produce pure metals,intermediate. Pdf pyrometallurgical refining of copper in an anode furnace. Pyrometallurgy definition, the process or technique of refining ores with heat so as to accelerate chemical reactions or to melt the metallic or nonmetallic content. Copper cobalt africa, incorporating the 8th southern african base. Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. Pdf the decreasing quality of the input materials in copper recycling leads to a higher content of impurities in the anode copper. Pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 2 technology development, process modeling and fundamentals landolt, c. Pyrometallurgy it involves the smelting, converting and refining of metal concentrate. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce products able to be sold such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for. Copper ore hydrometallurgy and pressure leachingcopper.

Oct 20, 2014 copper in our electrical world part 3. Generally, copper extraction follows the sequence see figure below. Copper and nickel are extracted by the sulfuric acidleaching route. These reactions involve numerous different solids, liquids, and gases, and are carried out using many diverse types of furnaces. In modern metallurgy, pyrometallurgy is of major importance in the production of many of the most useful metals, including iron, steel, lead, copper, and nickel. Copper concentrates obtained after beneficiating the ore are subjected to a number of operations such as oxidation and melting to get the metal. Oxides and pyrometallurgy copper extraction from sulfide concentrates using equilib program selection of databases phase selection. A yazawa and s nakazawa, evaluation of nonequilibrium minor components in pyrometallurgy, in. Obviously, the copper extraction in pyrometallurgy contributes the largest amount of slag among all the nonferrous metals.

Pyrometallurgy was a prominent part of minteks work during the 1930s. The concentrate is further processed in steps of electrolytic refining electrolysis, pyrometallurgy, and selectivesolvent extraction refining for final separation of the pure precious metals. Primary metal production pyrometallurgy deals with chemical reactions at high temperatures ranging from 100c up to 3000c. Pdf copper metallurgy at the crossroads researchgate.

Use add reply to replyparticipate in a topicdiscussion most frequent. Distribution of precious me tals during the reducing pyrometallurgical processes of complex copper materials 49 the reduction smelting process utilizing an electric furnace is commonly used for recovering these metal values. Copper was produced over the centuries by the pyrometallurgical route. Pyrometallurgical techniques use heat to separate copper from copper sulfide ore concentrates. The book describes systematically the thermal processes for the extraction of metals from their ores and their refining in a pure form.

The branch of extractive metallurgy in which processes employing chemical reactions at elevated temperatures are used to extract and refine nonferrous metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled materials. Fourteen domestic mines accounted for more than 95 percent of the 1. How copper is extracted, crushed, and sent to the two major processing methods. Kansanshi mining plc which encompasses the smelter and the adjacent mine is 80% owned by vancouverbased first quantum minerals ltd and 20% owned by zambian mining. It consists of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Then, after being smelted, refined copper and copper products are yielded. It has been reported that in the smelting processes from sulfide concentrates for copper production, the slag volume generated reaches 2. It includes a historical introduction, basic theoretical principles, and a selected list of references. The steadily growing demand for all metals is strengthened by the emerging of electrical vehicles ev which brings along the high need of the battery metals, but additionally a significant increase in copper consumption. Primary metal production michigan technological university.

Pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 2 technology development, process modeling and fundamentals. The most important operations are roasting, smelting, and refining. A vast majority of metallurgical reactions are made to take place at elevated temperature, because then the compounds become relatively unstable, facilating the realese of the metal, this is called as pyrometallur. Faqs with regards to operating a cu er tankhouse above 400 am2 pdf. Pyrometallurgy the science and technology of hightemperature metallurgical processes. Polymetallic deepsea nodules contain cobalt, copper, manganese. Copper cu, owing to its excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, high ductility, corrosion resistance, and ease of recycling, is an essential material in modern society, used in electronics, telecommunication, energy, construction, and the automotive industries. After enrichment steps, the copper concentrates are usually treated by pyrometallurgical methods. They are located directly at the mines to achieve low transport costs. Base metals are oxidized and removed with the slag, while gold and silver, which do not oxidize, sink and build up, leading to dore bars for further partitioning and refining. It involves heating in a blast furnace at temperatures above 1500c to convert waste to a form that can be refined. Distribution of precious metals during the reducing.

In those days, stainless steel manufacturers required ferrochromium with. Pyrometallurgy is a branch of extractive metallurgy. Introduction copper and copper alloys are essential materials for todays modern world. Using add reply allows you to attach images or pdf files and provide a more complete input. Metallic compounds are frequently rather complex mixtures those treated commercially are for the most part sulfides, oxides. Copper ii ions are deposited as copper on the cathode for the electrode equation, see under the purification of copper below. Pyrometallurgy article about pyrometallurgy by the free. Roasting, or heating in air without fusion, transforms sulfide ores into oxides, the sulfur escaping as sulfur dioxide, a gas. Hydrometallurgy of copper william eckert greenawalt. Copper hydrometallurgy is a branch of metallurgy method to extract copper directly from those difficulttoconcentrate copper oxide ore.

The gas phase may also be used to advantage, either as a means of separating valuable volatile constituents or for removing unwanted volatile impurities. As copper sulphides are the main mining resources in the country, the metal is produced using the classical processes of flotation and pyrometallurgical extraction. Mets is the engineering company that produced deepsouths preliminary economic assessment pea disclosed on february 26, 2018. Therefore an improvement of the pyrometallurgical refining process is. Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore less than 1% copper and ends with sheets of 99.

Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. Pyro and hydrometallurgical copper processing p3 youtube. Copper concentrators typically treat up to 100 000 t of ore per day. About 95 % of the ore input goes into the tailings, which are stored in large dams near the mine and are used for. Distribution of precious me tals during the reducing pyrometallurgical processes of complex copper materials 51 when antimony is added to the fecu binary system saturated with carbon, antimony and copper form speiss phase, while carbon and iron form an ironrich phase. Pyrometallurgy will continue to be a dominant extractive metallurgical method of choice for treating highgrade clean ores and concentrates, such as iron ore or copper. General principles of production of metals by pyrometallurgy.

Extracting copper from copper ironsulfide ores melting and casting cathode copper recycle of copper and copper alloy scrap suggested reading references 2 production and use 2. Process steps include mining, concentration, roasting, smelting. Pyrometallurgical treatment may produce saleable products such as pure metals, or intermediate compounds or alloys, suitable as feed for further. Copper extraction refers to the methods used to obtain copper from its ores. The most common types of ore, copper oxide and copper sulfide, undergo two different processes, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, respectively, due to the different. Established in 1988, mineral engineering technical services provides a range of services in the fields of minerals processing, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy. Traditional copper hydrometallurgy process typically consists of atmospheric leaching, solvent extraction sx and electrowinning ew. For a variety oftechnical and economic reasons, theseoresoften cannot beprocessed by normal flotation and pyrometallurgical techniques. Extracting copper from copperironsulfide ores melting and casting cathode copper recycle of copper and copperalloy scrap suggested reading references 2 production and use 2.

Pyrometallurgy, or the use of heat for the treatment, includes smelting and roasting. The copper ii ions are removed again from the organic solvent by reaction with fresh sulfuric acid, producing a much more concentrated copper ii sulfate solution than before. Department of mining, metallurgical, and materials engineering. Each extractive situation must be assessed on its own merits by the consideration of such factors as capital and operating costs and the environmental impact. Copperii ions are deposited as copper on the cathode for the electrode equation, see under the purification of copper below.

This paper provides a brief overview of the current copper smelting operations in southern africa. Copper that is mined from copper ore, after beneficiation, becomes high quality copper concentrate. Pyrometallurgy, nonferrous article about pyrometallurgy. It consist of the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations in the materials to enable recovery of valuable metals. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas. Beneficiation by froth flotation of ore to give copper concentrate. The first published paper2 in this field, written by r. Volume iv pyrometallurgy of copper, the hermann schwarze symposium book 1 smelting operations, ancillary operations and furnance integrity kapusta, j. Following separation and concentration by mineral processing, metallic minerals are subjected to extractive metallurgy, in which their metallic elements are extracted from chemical compound form and refined of impurities. No serious hydrometallurgical competitors to copper pyrometallurgy emerged, however, the cyprus ci leachci precipitationh2 reduce process which was announced 28 could be interesting for small plants while the recently presented sherrittcominco copper process seems overly complex. Pyrometallurgy definition is chemical metallurgy depending on heat action such as roasting and smelting. The decreasing quality of the input materials in copper recycling leads to a higher content of impurities in the anode copper. In ferronickel production, ores are posing difficulties for furnace design, sending engineers back to the drawing board to consider new cooling technologies and refractory selection methods.

Differentialflotation processes for mixed sulphides seldom giveascleanaseparation asdesired, andinsomeinstances. Use add new topic to ask a new questiondiscussion about pyrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy versus pyrometallurgy pyrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy definition of pyrometallurgy by merriamwebster. Pyrometallurgy definition of pyrometallurgy by the free. In most instances, both phases are molten such as the matte and slag in a conventional copper smelting operation. Primary copper smelter and refinery as a recycling plant. In copper smelting, concentrates are becoming dirtier, needing a wider range of more innovative solutions to remove impurities and maintain product quality. Principles of extractive metallurgy rakes h kumar email. Dear colleagues, there are several major megatrends having an impact on pyrometallurgical metals processing. Forsyth, dealt with the use of south africas lowgrade chromite ores in the direct production of stainless steel. In 1989, arizona produced 60 percent of the total u. Monoxide transition calculation 2010 oxides and pyrometallurgy 1 montreal export of results to excel and plotting phase diagrams of oxide systems in equilibrium with metals.

Examination of the ellingham diagram shown in figure \\pageindex2\ illustrates why the metals known to the ancients were mainly those such as copper and lead, which can be obtained by smelting at the relatively low temperatures that were obtainable by the methods available at the time in which a charcoal fire supplied both the heat and the carbon. The book also includes current information on unit operations used. The procedures that are used in pyrometallurgy are roasting, smelting, conversion, refining, and distillation. These separation techniques form the basis of thermal smelting and refining operations. However, in the case of lowgrade ores or complex concentrates with abundant impurities, a combination of the use of hydrometallurgical and aqueous electrowinning are gaining. Pyrometallurgy definition of pyrometallurgy by merriam. During treatment of these intermediate products a slag phase, matte phase and metallic bullion phase are formed.